AN: IND 22085416
AU: Giguere,-A.; Girard,-C.L.; Lambert,-R.; LaForest,-J.P.; Matte,-J.J.
TI: Reproductive performance and uterine prostaglandin secretion in gilts conditioned with dead semen and receiving dietary supplements of folic acid.
SO: Can-j-anim-sci. Ottawa : Agricultural Institute of Canada, 1957. Sept 2000. v. 80 (3) p. 467-472.
CN: DNAL 41.8-C163
LA: English; Summary in: French
IS: ISSN: 0008-3984
DE: gilts-. reproductive-performance. uterus-. prostaglandins-. hormone-secretion. conditioning-. semen-. folic-acid. supplementary-feeding. embryo-mortality. estrous-cycle. ovulation-rate. litter-weight. litter-size.

Record 2 of 55 in AGRICOLA (1998-2001/09)

AN: IND 21805965
AU: Mizuno,-Y.; Kokue,-E.; Ohnishi,-N.; Toride,-Y.
TI: Effect of oral administration of folate sources on plasma folate levels in pigs: comparison between reduced and oxidized forms of folate.
SO: Can-j-anim-sci. Ottawa : Agricultural Institute of Canada, 1957. Sept 1997. v. 77 (3) p. 497-502.
CN: DNAL 41.8-C163
LA: English; Summary in: French
IS: ISSN: 0008-3984
DE: miniature-pigs. blood-plasma. folic-acid. feed-supplements. oral-administration. serology-. blood-chemistry. absorption-. uptake-. metabolites-. brevibacterium-.
AB: Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the response of plasma folate levels after oral administration of oxidized or reduced forms of folates, using seven Gottingen minipigs. Plasma folate levels, tetrahydrofolate (THF) and 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (5CH3-THF), were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. In exp. 1, the absorption of the oxidized form of folate [(synthetic folic acid(FA)] and the reduced forms of folate (5-formyltetrahydrofolate (5HCO-THF), liver powder and digested bacterial cell powder (DBCP) were evaluated by measuring changes in plasma folate levels after a single oral administration. Liver powder and DBCP contained much reduced forms of folate. The administration of the reduced form of folates increased plasma THF levels while the levels of plasma THF and 5CH3-THF decreased after FA administration. In exp. 2, plasma folate levels were measured after long-term oral administration of FA for 30 d. Immediately after the beginning of the administration, the levels of both THF and 5CH3-THF decreased significantly and remained at a low level during the 30-d administration. Supplementation of sow feed with FA has been recommended in many countries improving reproductive performance. The present study, however, suggests that the oral administration of an oxidized form of folate, FA, may not be as effective as previously thought, and the reduced forms of folate might be preferable for the supplementation of pig feeds.

Record 3 of 55 in AGRICOLA (1998-2001/09)

AN: IND 21805935
AU: Duquette,-J.; Matte,-J.J.; Farmer,-C.; Girard,-C.L.; LaForest,-J.P.
TI: Pre- and post-mating dietary supplements of folic acid and uterine secretory activity in gilts.
SO: Can-j-anim-sci. Ottawa : Agricultural Institute of Canada, 1957. Sept 1997. v. 77 (3) p. 415-420.
CN: DNAL 41.8-C163
LA: English; Summary in: French
IS: ISSN: 0008-3984
DE: gilts-. sows-. pigs-. folic-acid. feed-supplements. copulation-. mating-frequency. uterus-. secretions-. date-. pregnancy-. embryos-. endometrium-. myometrium-. chemical-composition. prostaglandins-. estradiol-. fecundity-. weight-. length-. corpus-luteum. protein-content. conceptus-.
AB: The present study was carried out to determine the effects of pre- and (or) post-mating dietary supplements of folic acid on uterine secretions and secretory activity on day 12 of gestation. Crossbred gilts were assigned randomly to three treatments: SS) a dietary supplement of 15 mg of folic acid kg-1 of diet from the estrus before mating (approximately day -21) until day 12 of gestation (n = 9), 0S) the same folic acid supplement from mating (day 0) to day 12 of gestation (n = 10), and 00) no supplement of folic acid (n = 10). At slaughter (day 12 of gestation), one uterine horn was flushed with 20 mL of PBS to collect embryos and uterine flushings, while samples of uterine tissue were collected from the other horn. Supplementary folic acid (0S and SS) increased total folates in uterine flushings (P less than or equal to 0.05) as well as concentrations of folates in the endometrium (P less than or equal to 0.0004) and in the whole uterine tissue (endometrium + myometrium: P less than or equal to 0.0001). Total amounts of prostaglandin (PG)E2 and PGF2 alpha in uterine flushings were not affected (P greater than or equal to 0.8) by any treatment but estradiol-17 beta was numerically 40% lower (P greater than or equal to 0.12) in uterine flusings of 0S and SS sows. Samples of endometrium (15-17 mg) were cultured for 2 to 7 h. Concentrations of PGE2 and PGF2 alpha in the culture medium increased with the duration of incubation (P less than or equal to 0.0001) but there was no treatment effect (P greater than or equal to 0.4). The inconsistency between the folic acid response seen in the present study and in previous results using multiparous sows suggests that the impact of this.
vitamin on sow reproduction might be linked to the parity (and/or prolificacy) of the animal.

Record 4 of 55 in AGRICOLA (1998-2001/09)

AN: CAT 11076134
AU: Barkow,-Birgit.
TI: Influence of high dietary vitamin E and folic acid supplements on reproductive performance and selected metabolic paramters of sows and their piglets.
SO: Hannover, [s.n.], 1999. 173 p. : ill.
CN: DNAL DISS-F1999262
LA: German; Summary in: English

Record 5 of 55 in AGRICOLA (1992-1997)

AN: IND 20444069
AU: O'Connor,-D.L.; Picciano,-M.F.
TI: Plasma folate binding capacity of the reproducing pig.
SO: J-nutr-biochem. Newton, Mass. : Butterworth-Heinemann. Aug 1993. v. 4 (8) p. 482-487.
CN: DNAL QP141.A1J54
LA: English
IS: ISSN: 0955-2863
DE: folic-acid. iron-. pregnancy-. lactation-. diet-. nutrient-nutrient-interactions. binding-. nutritional-state. blood-plasma. erythrocytes-. blood-serum. animal-models. nutrient-deficiencies. pigs-.
AB: Altered folate utilization can be a secondary manifestation of iron (Fe) deficiency during reproduction. The purpose of the present investigation was to determine whether species differences with regard to high affinity plasma folate binders (HAFBP) makes the pig an inappropriate animal model for studying the interaction of Fe and folate in the human. Specifically, we assessed the impact of gestation, lactation, Fe, and folate status on the concentration and percent saturation of HAFBP in the pig. Reproducing pigs (sows) (n = 18) were fed diets containing 1360 nmol/kg (0.6 mg/kg) folate and either 0.45 mmol/kg (25mg/ kg; -) or 2.24 mmol/kg (125 mg/kg; +) Fe throughout gestation and lactation. Total folate binding capacity (TFBC) of plasma remained constant throughout gestation and lactation. Still, the mean TFBC of Fe+ sows was approximately four times that of mean plasma folate concentration. Unsaturated folate binding capacities (UFBC) of plasma were inversely correlated with plasma and red blood cell (RBC) folate values (r = -0.57 and -0.62). Both TFBC and percent saturation of HAFBP were positively correlated with indices of folate nutriture. Mean folate values of serum samples treated to remove unbound folate (23.4 nmol/L +/- 2.8) did not differ from those of untreated samples (24.1 +/- 2.0). Conversely, in the human the TFBC of plasma is 30 times less than plasma folate content and is not correlated with indices of folate nutriture and increases with gestation. Mean UFBC of Fe- sows was 28% greater than Fe+ sows, reflecting the lower plasma folate values among Fe- sows (P = 0.0002). Only at day 56 of gestation was TFBC of Fe- sows less than Fe+ sows (26%, P < 0.05). Overall, pig TFBC did.
not appear to be altered by Fe nutrition, rather it changed in response to folate nutriture. In sum, differences between the pig and the human exist with regard to HAFBP, possibly limiting the usefulness of the pig for studying folate metabolism of humans. These differences, in addition to the fact that plasma folate values among Fe- sows, like those of Fe-deficient humans, are lower than their Fe+ counterparts, suggest that impaired cellular delivery of folate is not responsible for folate depletion secondary to Fe deficiency.

Record 6 of 55 in AGRICOLA (1992-1997)

AN: IND 20439102
AU: Chiba,-L.I.; Eason,-J.T.; Dawkins,-R.A.
TI: Folic acid supplementation can improve reproductive performance of sows.
SO: Highlights-agr-res. Auburn, Ala. : Agricultural Experiment Station of Auburn University, 1954-. Spring 1994. v. 41 (1) p. 6.
CN: DNAL 100-Al1H
LA: English
IS: ISSN: 0018-1668
DE: sow-reproduction. folic-acid. reproductive-efficiency.

Record 7 of 55 in AGRICOLA (1992-1997)

AN: IND 20438706
AU: Harper,-A.F.; Lindemann,-M.D.; Chiba,-L.I.; Combs,-G.E.; Handlin,-D.L.; Kornegay,-E.T.; Southern,-L.L.
TI: An assessment of dietary folic acid levels during gestation and lactation on reproductive and lactational performance of sows: a cooperative study.
SO: J-anim-sci. Champaign, Ill. : American Society of Animal Science. Sept 1994. v. 72 (9) p. 2338-2344.
CN: DNAL 49-J82
LA: English
IS: ISSN: 0021-8812
DE: sows-. feed-additives. folic-acid. blood-serum. sow-pregnancy. litter-size. litter-weight. birth-weight. weight-gain. lactation-number. -. weight-losses. vitamin-supplements.
AB: Crossbred female swine (n = 393) were used in a multiparity study at five experiment stations to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation of folic acid (FA) on serum folates status and reproductive performance. The dietary treatments were a corn-soybean meal basal diet (calculated FA, .34 ppm) supplemented with 0, 1, 2, or 4 ppm FA. Experimental diets were fed continuously from a minimum of 21 d before first mating throughout the entire study. At one station, blood samples for radioimmunoassay determination of serum folates concentration were collected by vena cava puncture at mating, d 55 of gestation, d 110 of gestation, and at weaning. Stage of reproduction and dietary FA supplementation affected (P < .005) serum folates concentrations. Serum folates declined from mating to d 55, remained low at d 110, and returned to higher levels at weaning. Linear increases (P < .001) in serum folates with increasing level of dietary FA were observed at each reproductive stage. Over the course of the study, reproductive performance criteria including total pigs born, live pigs at birth and d 21, and individual pig and litter weight at birth and d 21 were not affected (P > .10) by inclusion of FA in the diet. The number of days postweaning to estrus also was not affected by FA treatment. Under the conditions of this experiment, increasing level of FA in the diet had a pronounced effect in attenuating decreased serum folates concentration during gestation but was without benefit to reproductive performance.

Record 8 of 55 in AGRICOLA (1992-1997)

AN: ocm 26248009
AU: Harper,-Allen-F., 1957-
TI: An assessment of the effects of dietary folic acid supplementation on serum folates status, conceptus development and reproductive performance in gilts and sows.
SO: 1992. xi, 154 leaves : ill.
CN: ViBlbV LD5655.V856-1992.H376
LA: English
DE: Swine-Reproduction. Folic-acid.

Record 9 of 55 in AGRICOLA (1992-1997)

AN: IND 93015719
AU: Lindemann,-M.D.
TI: Supplemental folic acid: a requirement for optimizing swine reproduction.
SO: J-Anim-Sci. Champaign, Ill. : American Society of Animal Science. Jan 1993. v. 71 (1) p. 239-246.
CN: DNAL 49-J82
LA: English
IS: ISSN: 0021-8812
DE: pigs-. folic-acid. sow-reproduction. pregnancy-. litter-size. feed-additives.
AB: The administration of supplemental folic acid to female reproducing swine (either via injection or dietary supplementation) is a fairly recent research phenomenon. The majority of publications have occurred during the past 5 yr; few publications on this topic appeared before 1983. Although folic acid supplementation is a young research area compared to that involving many other vitamins, the reported results are quite consistent. There seem to be no major benefits to lactational supplementation; although supplementation in lactation is effective in elevating sow serum folate, milk folate, and nursing pig serum folate, it has not produced changes in sow BW, litter size weaned, or pig gain. Supplementation during gestation has yielded a consistent benefit: a positive response in total pigs born in all studies. The response in gestation of increased litter size seems to be a result of improved embryo or fetal survival rather than increased ovulation, although the mechanism whereby survival rate is improved is yet to be understood. Clearly, supplemental folic acid is required to maximize sow prolificacy.

Record 10 of 55 in AGRICOLA (1992-1997)

AN: IND 93015707
AU: Matte,-J.J.; Girard,-C.L.; Tremblay,-G.F.
TI: Effect of long-term addition of folic acid on folate status, growth performance, puberty attainment, and reproductive capacity of gilts.
SO: J-Anim-Sci. Champaign, Ill. : American Society of Animal Science. Jan 1993. v. 71 (1) p. 151-157.
CN: DNAL 49-J82
LA: English
IS: ISSN: 0021-8812
DE: gilts-. folic-acid. dosage-effects. feed-intake. liveweight-gain. puberty-. age-. reproductive-performance. blood-serum. ovaries-. uterus-.
AB: Three groups of 34 gilts received, from 9 wk of age until slaughter at 7 wk of gestation, diets supplemented with either 0, 5, or 15 mg/kg of folic acid. The concentration of serum folates increased linearly (P < .05) with the level of added folic acid. Although the growth performance was not influenced by the treatments during the overall growing period, feed intake (P < .10) and body weight gain (P < .05) from 17 to 21 wk of age increased linearly as folic acid level in the diet increased. Age and body weight at puberty as well as body weight gain during gestation were not influenced (P > .32) by treatments. Dietary folic acid addition did not affect (P > .21) either total weight and empty weight of uterine horns or ovarian total weight, stroma weight, and number and weights of corpora lutea. No treatment effect (P > .35) was observed on placental surface, number of placental areolae, litter size, fetus weight, or total litter weight or on fetal DNA, RNA, and protein. However, the concentration of folates in fetuses increased linearly (P < .03) with the addition of folic acid in the dam's diet. In conclusion, although a dietary addition of as high as 15 mg/kg of folic acid seemed to influence growth performance of gilts by the end of the growing period, it did not affect age at puberty. Maternal folic acid can be transferred to fetuses "in utero," but in contrast to what was observed previously during the gestation of multiparous sows, a long-term administration of folic acid had no effect on reproductive capacity of gilts.

Record 11 of 55 in AGRICOLA (1992-1997)

AN: IND 92036388
AU: O'Connor,-D.L.
TI: Interaction of iron and folate during reproduction.
SO: Prog-Food-Nutr-Sci. Elmsford, N.Y. : Pergamon Press. 1991. v. 15 (4) p. 231-254.
CN: DNAL QP141.A1P72
LA: English
IS: ISSN: 0306-0632
DE: iron-. folic-acid. iron-deficiency-anemia. folic-acid-deficiency. metabolism-. nutrition-physiology. pregnancy-. nutrient-nutrient-interactions. milk-secretion. milk-consumption. vitamin-content. mineral-content. human-milk. women-. sows-. rats-. species-differences.
AB: Biochemical evidence collected from both clinical and non-institutionalized populations indicate that iron and folate deficiencies frequently occur simultaneously. Supplementation trials of iron-deficient patients with either iron or iron and folate has helped to illustrate that a complex interrelationship exists between these two nutrients. Controlled animal trials in which dietary iron and folate content has been systematically manipulated reveal that iron deficiency can cause altered folate utilization. The impact of iron deficiency on folate metabolism is most dramatic during the reproductive and neonatal stages of the life cycle. Rat pups and piglets nursed by dams fed iron-depleted diets exhibit signs of altered folate utilization. Depressed milk folate secretion is an early manifestation of iron deficiency in the rat dam and is a prime factor responsible for folate depletion in their nursing pups. Impaired milk folate secretion during iron deficiency is not due to a decrease in the amount of folate supplied to the mammary gland; rather, the defect causing this reduction is specific to the mammary gland.

Record 12 of 55 in AGRICOLA (1984 - 12/91)

AN: FNI 87002480
TI: Folic acid: a vitamin opens unexpected doors.
SO: Better-Health-UAB-Univ-Ala-Med-Cent. Birmingham, Ala. : University of Alabama in Birmingham. Mar 1986. v. 3 (3) p. 5-6. ill.
CN: DNAL RA421.B47
LA: English
IS: ISSN: 8750-1228
DE: folic-acid. nutrient-sources. nutrient-requirements. disease-prevention.
AB: Abstract: Folic acid is an essential nutrient required for normal cell reproduction, including the development of red and white blood cells. The currently Recommended Dietary Allowance of folacin is 400 micrograms per day. It is found in a variety of foods, including dark green leafy vegetables, asparagus, broccoli, liver, wheat, bran, yeast, and beans. Extra folacin is required during pregnancy and lactation and in the presence of diseases which destroy red blood cells or which interfere with intestinal absorption. Folic acid supplements have been investigated as a possible method of cancer treatment and/or prevention. This research is in its early stages. Further research may reveal what other beneficial roles the vitamin may play in disease prevention.(lsp).

Record 13 of 55 in AGRICOLA (1984 - 12/91)

AN: FNI 84004152
AU: Wynn,-Margaret.; Wynn,-Arthur.
CA: Nourishment for the Next Generation: from Preconception to Weaning-the Influence of Nutrition (1982 July : Oxford, England).
TI: Effects of nutrition on reproductive capability.
SO: Nutr-Health. Berkhamstead : A B Academic Publishers. 1983. v. 1 (3/4) p. 165-178. ill., charts.
CN: DNAL RC620.A1N84
LA: English
IS: ISSN: 0260-1060
AB: Abstract: Nutritional status can impact reproductive capability. The endocrine system is sensitive to the consequences of malnutrition as is the hypothalamus (malnutrition produces hormone secretions affecting fertility in both sexes and prohibiting growth and lactaction. Pituitary, liver, and ovarian hormone secretions are inhibited by nutritional inadequacies. Caloric restrictions inhibit the hypothalamic-pituitary system as do deficiencies of pyridoxine, folic acid, zinc, and magnesium. Maternal malnutrition prior to conception has a greater impact on the embryo than malnutrition during the last 2 trimesters. (kbc).

Record 14 of 55 in SilverPlatter MEDLINE(R) (2001/01-2001/10)

TI: Folic acid and prevention of neural tube defects in 2000 improved awareness--low peri-conceptional uptake.
AU: Oleary,-M; Donnell,-R-M; Johnson,-H
SO: Ir-Med-J. 2001 Jun; 94(6): 180-1
JN: Irish-medical-journal
IS: 0332-3102
LA: English
AB: Eight years have passed since recommendations were made by the Irish Department of Health on the importance of folic acid in the prevention of neural tube defects (NTD). There is currently no mandatory fortification of foodstuffs with folic acid in Ireland, with reliance placed on campaigns promoting increased dietary folate intake and supplements. We assessed knowledge and use of folic acid among 300 women attending ante-natal clinics in Dublin maternity hospitals in the year 2000 using an interviewer administered questionnaire. Qualitative information was obtained through means of a focus group. Ninety two percent of respondents had heard of folic acid and 67% knew it could prevent NTD. Thirty per cent were advised to take it peri-conceptionally but overall only 18% did so; 39% of women had planned their pregnancy. The focus group indicated that folic acid was not 'visible' enough and that fortification of food was more realistic. This study shows that improved folic acid awareness has not been accompanied by corresponding peri-conceptional uptake in 2000. Folic acid promotional campaigns should be continuous and targeted. Mandatory food fortification should be strongly considered.
AN: 21386208

Record 15 of 55 in SilverPlatter MEDLINE(R) (2001/01-2001/10)

TI: Prevalence of micronutrient deficiency particularly of iron, zinc and folic acid in pregnant women in South East Asia.
AU: Seshadri,-S
SO: Br-J-Nutr. 2001 May; 85 Suppl 2: S87-92
JN: British-journal-of-nutrition,-The
IS: 0007-1145
LA: English
AB: Micronutrient deficiency, whether clinical or subclinical, may affect growth, cognition and reproductive performance. In pregnant women moderate to severe deficiencies of iron, zinc and folic acid have been shown to increase risk of low birth weight, pregnancy complications and birth defects. Any attempt to introduce a micronutrient supplementation programme during pregnancy must be based on adequate data on the prevalence of micronutrient deficiencies, their adverse effects and the potential for reversing these through supplementation. This paper reviews parameters for assessment of iron, zinc and folic acid deficiencies in pregnancy and the available data on prevalence of these in pregnant women in South Asia. Iron deficiency and anemia affect 50 % or more of pregnant women, the prevalence of folic acid deficiency may be up to 30-50 % and there is evidence to suggest that zinc deficiency is likely to be widespread but supportive data are scarce.
AN: 21400395

Record 16 of 55 in SilverPlatter MEDLINE(R) (2001/01-2001/10)

TI: "Folate before pregnancy": the impact on women and health professionals of a population-based health promotion campaign in South Australia.
AU: Chan,-A; Pickering,-J; Haan,-E; Netting,-M; Burford,-A; Johnson,-A; Keane,-R-J
SO: Med-J-Aust. 2001 Jun 18; 174(12): 631-6
JN: Medical-journal-of-Australia,-The
IS: 0025-729X
LA: English
AB: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate a South Australian campaign to promote and implement knowledge that taking adequate folate/folic acid in the periconceptional period can reduce the risk of having a baby with a neural tube defect. DESIGN AND SETTING: The campaign, conducted in October 1994--August 1995, targeted women of reproductive age and health professionals. Evaluation was by computer-assisted telephone interviews undertaken by random dialling throughout the State before and after the campaign, and by self-administered questionnaires to health professionals and women in the postnatal period. PARTICIPANTS: Women of reproductive age and four groups of health professionals. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Knowledge about folate, folate-rich foods and the periconceptional period; participation of health professionals in advising women about folate; use of periconceptional folic acid supplements; sales of folic acid tablets; and prevalence of neural tube defects. RESULTS: Significant increases in knowledge about folate followed the campaign. Health professionals and women in the postnatal period had higher initial levels of knowledge about folate, which also increased significantly. The proportions of women taking periconceptional folic acid supplements, and of health professionals advising women planning a pregnancy about folate, also increased significantly, and folic acid tablet sales doubled. Total prevalence of neural tube defects declined between 1966 and 1999 from a baseline of 2.0 per 1,000 births to 1.1 per 1,000 births (Poisson regression, P= 0.03; average decline of 1.0% per year). CONCLUSIONS: A short educational campaign with a limited budget ($40,000) can promote folate successfully, but alternative strategies such as food fortification are likely to be needed to achieve adequate periconceptional folate intake for a very high proportion of women.
AN: 21372996

Record 17 of 55 in SilverPlatter MEDLINE(R) (2001/01-2001/10)

TI: Neural tube defects in relation to use of folic acid antagonists during pregnancy.
AU: Hernandez-Diaz,-S; Werler,-M-M; Walker,-A-M; Mitchell,-A-A
SO: Am-J-Epidemiol. 2001 May 15; 153(10): 961-8
JN: American-journal-of-epidemiology
IS: 0002-9262
LA: English
AB: Periconceptional folic acid supplementation reduces the risk of neural tube defects (NTDs). To determine whether periconceptional exposure to folic acid antagonists (FAAs) might therefore increase the risk of NTDs, the authors examined data from an ongoing case-control study of birth defects (1979-1998) in the United States and Canada. They compared data on 1,242 infants with NTDs (spina bifida, anencephaly, and encephalocele) with data from a control group of 6,660 infants with malformations not related to vitamin supplementation. Mothers were interviewed within 6 months of delivery about demographic, reproductive, medical, and behavioral factors and about medication use. The adjusted odds ratios of NTDs related to exposure to FAAs (including carbamazepine, phenobarbital, phenytoin, primidone, sulfasalazine, triamterene, and trimethoprim) during the first or second months after the last menstrual period, compared with no use in either month, were 2.8 (95% confidence interval: 1.7, 4.6) for FAAs as a group, 4.8 (95% confidence interval: 1.5, 16.1) for trimethoprim (based on five exposed cases), and 6.9 (95% confidence interval: 1.9, 25.7) for carbamazepine (six exposed cases). These results are adjusted for region, interview year, periconceptional folic acid supplementation, maternal age, weight, education, and infections early in pregnancy. These findings suggest that a number of FAAs may increase NTD risk, and they provide estimates of risk for selected drugs.
CN: HD27697HDNICHD; HL50763HLNHLBI
AN: 21278068

Record 18 of 55 in SilverPlatter MEDLINE(R) (2001/01-2001/10)

TI: The importance of folic acid.
AU: Berg,-M-J
SO: J-Gend-Specif-Med. 1999 May-Jun; 2(3): 24-8
IS: 1523-7036
LA: English
AB: Folic acid is necessary for cell development; for the metabolism of specific biochemical reactions in the body, such as the conversion of homocysteine to methionine; and for the metabolism of specific anticonvulsant drugs. Folic acid has an interrelationship with vitamin B12. A deficiency of folate increases the risk of NTDs, as well as contributing to hyperhomocystinemia, a condition associated with increased cardiovascular disease and NTDs. For the prevention of NTDs, it is recommended that a woman of childbearing age consume a daily folate intake of 400 micrograms; however, the average dietary folate intake is half that amount, and the FDA folate fortification of cereal grains adds only 100 micrograms daily. The woman in her childbearing years does not meet the recommendation with dietary and food fortification. Periconceptional folic acid supplementation is essential, because the neural tube closes 23 to 27 days after conception. Therefore, a multiple vitamin containing folic acid is the practical solution at present if the food fortification is not increased. The bioavailability of folate in the vitamin preparation is approximately double that of dietary folate. Most preparations contain 400 micrograms of folic acid, and if the woman took a multiple vitamin (400 micrograms of folate) in addition to her diet (230 micrograms of folate), she would not exceed 1000 micrograms (1 mg) daily, which is considered the upper limit of daily folate ingestion by dietary fortification and supplementation before the masking of vitamin B12 becomes a concern. However, in this group of patients, pernicious anemia is rare. Regarding cardiovascular disease in men and women, there are no long-term studies showing the benefit of folic acid in reducing the homocysteine level. At present, there are only estimations. However, they should not be ignored. Although it is not the current standard of practice, adding a multiple vitamin containing folic acid to the regimen of men and women starting anticonvulsant medication should be considered in order to prevent the folate lowering observed with such commonly used drugs as PHT and carbamazepine. Women in childbearing years should be on a folic acid supplement when taking an anticonvulsant drug. In general, it appears that all men and women would benefit from increased folate intake. This can be accomplished through vitamin supplementation when there is compliance. However, if the food fortification for folate is increased in the future, then the issue of vitamin supplementation will have to be readdressed.
AN: 21147057

Record 19 of 55 in SilverPlatter MEDLINE(R) (2001/01-2001/10)

TI: Stages in reproduction particularly vulnerable to xenobiotic hazards and nutritional deficits.
AU: House,-S
SO: Nutr-Health. 2000; 14(3): 147-93
JN: Nutrition-and-health
IS: 0260-1060
LA: English
AB: Biochemical research has identified many failures in reproductive processes with specific nutrient deficits, xenobiotics and some infectious illnesses. This has led to some effective safeguards. During meiosis and fertilization, as genetic material divides and rearranges, it is exposed and open to mutation. A nutritionally unfavourable environment is a major risk factor. At stages of rapid cell division, differentiation and organisation, as in the embryo and later in the fetal brain, the child's survival, completeness and future health and ability are at stake. From months before conception, reproduction needs preparing for, especially with today's environmental pollution, even entering the foodchain. Care from before conception can contribute not only to the child's healthy basis for life, full development of brain, eyesight and other complex attributes, but also to the health of at least the subsequent generation. Since the female baby's oocytes are being formed while she is still in the womb, the grandmother's nutritional status, around the time of conceiving a daughter, can permanently affect a grandchild. Recent insights into evolution, particularly of the brain, give us fresh indications of dietary needs to fulfil human potential for health and acuity. Despite the hazards, nature is remarkably successful. This paper is not designed to alarm but to help attainment of full genetic potential. With healthy parents serious malformations are a low percentage. The numbers of babies with avoidable disorders, however, calls urgently for action, especially in our own inner cities and in developing countries where there is inadequate nutrition. Action will more than justify itself, including financially. It will reward handsomely.
AN: 20479902

Record 20 of 55 in SilverPlatter MEDLINE(R) (2001/01-2001/10)

TI: Folic acid and human malformations: a summary and evaluation.
AU: Kalter,-H
SO: Reprod-Toxicol. 2000 Sep-Oct; 14(5): 463-76
JN: Reproductive-toxicology
IS: 0890-6238
LA: English
AB: A large body of evidence gathered over the past 30 or more years has led to the firmly established belief that deficiency of the vitamin folic acid is a cause of congenital malformations of neural tube closure. Beginning with studies showing folic acid levels of mothers of children with such defects to be low, this belief has been solidified by epidemiologic studies revealing that this consequence is prevented by maternal supplements of the vitamin from early pregnancy. The present article reviews this evidence for the purpose of examining the claims of the efficacy of folic acid in this respect. This seems to be an advantageous moment to do so, because no clear impact of folic acid supplementation and fortification on the prevalence of neural tube defects has as yet been documented; and furthermore a pause seems to have been reached in such studies. It is felt that a historical, i.e. a chronologic approach will best describe the findings, and therefore they will be considered as they unfolded.
AN: 20476349

Record 21 of 55 in SilverPlatter MEDLINE(R) (2001/01-2001/10)

TI: Periconceptional intake of vitamin supplements and risk of multiple congenital anomalies.
AU: Shaw,-G-M; Croen,-L-A; Todoroff,-K; Tolarova,-M-M
SO: Am-J-Med-Genet. 2000 Jul 31; 93(3): 188-93
JN: American-journal-of-medical-genetics
IS: 0148-7299
LA: English
AB: Numerous studies have reported reduced risks for a variety of single congenital anomaly phenotypes associated with maternal periconceptional use of vitamin supplements containing folic acid. Here we investigated whether periconceptional use of vitamin supplements containing folic acid by women altered their risk for delivering infants with multiple congenital anomalies (MCAs). Data were derived from a case-control study representing deliveries (fetal deaths and infants) from 2 California counties between January 1993 and July 1996. MCAs were defined as 2 or more congenital anomalies affecting more than one organ system or a major anomaly in combination with 2 minor anomalies. Controls were randomly selected from nonmalformed live-born infants. Telephone interviews were conducted with 112 (73.7% of eligible) case and 195 (78.0% of eligible) control mothers. Compared to women who did not use multivitamin supplements containing folic acid in the period 3 months before through 3 months after conception, women who used in this time period were observed to have an elevated risk to deliver fetuses or infants with MCAs, odds ratio = 2.6 (95% confidence interval 1.1-6.2). This elevated risk was not substantially altered (adjusted odds ratio = 2.9 [0.8-10.3]) by adjusting for maternal race/ethnicity, education, gravidity, body mass index, alcohol consumption, and cigarette smoking. No particular organ system seemed to be uniquely represented among the MCA fetuses and infants whose mothers used vitamin supplements. The observed elevated risk associated with maternal vitamin use is considered to be preliminary and needs to be replicated in other populations.
CN: U50CCU908501PHS
AN: 20388753

Record 22 of 55 in MEDLINE(R)+ (1998-2000)

TI: Male factor subfertility: possible causes and the impact of nutritional factors.
AU: Wong,-W-Y; Thomas,-C-M; Merkus,-J-M; Zielhuis,-G-A; Steegers-Theunissen,-R-P
SO: Fertil-Steril. 2000 Mar; 73(3): 435-42
JN: Fertility-and-sterility
IS: 0015-0282
LA: English
AB: OBJECTIVE: To review possible causes for male factor subfertility with emphasis on nutritional factors such as zinc and folate. DESIGN: A literature search was performed on MEDLINE and via bibliographies of published works. RESULT(s): Many causes for male factor subfertility are described in the literature. Both environmental and genetic factors could play a role. However, the pathogenesis of male factor infertility is poorly understood, including the role of specific micronutrients such as zinc and folate. Both zinc and folate are involved in the synthesis of DNA and RNA. Despite the fact that zinc deficiency leads to several clinical symptoms such as decreased spermatogenesis and impaired male fertility, the exact pathophysiology has not been clarified. CONCLUSION(s): Because most causes of male factor subfertility are unknown, more research is needed. Because male factor subfertility due to nutritional deficiencies is in principle amenable to curative and/or preventive action by supplementation, emphasis should be put on studies on the effect of specific nutrients on male fertility.
AN: 20156290

Record 23 of 55 in MEDLINE(R)+ (1998-2000)

TI: Maternal trace elements, vitamin B12, vitamin A, folic acid, and fetal malformations.
AU: Stoll,-C; Dott,-B; Alembik,-Y; Koehl,-C
SO: Reprod-Toxicol. 1999 Jan-Feb; 13(1): 53-7
JN: Reproductive-toxicology
IS: 0890-6238
LA: English
AB: The demonstrated teratogenicity of maternal zinc deficiency in rats has led to burgeoning interest in zinc and other trace elements as important factors in embryonic development. Levels of zinc, copper, manganese, magnesium, folic acid, vitamin B12 and vitamin A were evaluated at the beginning of pregnancy in the plasma of pregnant women who later delivered a malformed newborn. Fetal chromosomal anomalies and recognizable nonchromosomal syndromes were excluded. The results were compared to control women who delivered normal babies. One hundred seventy mothers had malformed children. The more frequent congenital malformations were congenital heart diseases (72 cases including 24 VSD), musculoskeletal malformations (21 cases), urogenital malformations (23 cases), spina bifida (6 cases), hydrocephaly (6 cases), and labial cleft (14 cases). Maternal plasma concentrations of zinc, copper, magnesium, manganese, folate, vitamin B12, and vitamin A of malformed children did not differ from controls. Thus vitamin profiles do not form a suitable means for identifying women at risk for having a child with congenital malformations.
AN: 99178385

Record 24 of 55 in MEDLINE(R)+ (1998-2000)

TI: Preventing neural tube defects. Survey of preconceptional use of folic acid.
AU: Neimanis,-I-M; Paterson,-J-M; Bain,-E
SO: Can-Fam-Physician. 1999 Jul; 451717-22
JN: Canadian-family-physician
IS: 0008-350X
LA: English
AB: OBJECTIVE: To determine the proportion of women who take daily folic acid supplements in the month before conception and to identify factors associated with supplement use. DESIGN: Cross-sectional survey by self-administered questionnaire. SETTING: Tertiary care teaching hospital in Hamilton, Ont. PARTICIPANTS: Four hundred eighty-four (43%) of 1132 women who delivered normal babies between November 1997 and March 1998. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Reports of daily vitamin supplement use in the month before pregnancy and after pregnancy, and having heard or read about the need to take folic acid before pregnancy; sources of information about folic acid; factors associated with preconceptional vitamin use. RESULTS: Thirty-four percent of respondents reported taking vitamins before conception (use ranged from 21% for those with unplanned pregnancies to 40% for those with planned pregnancies); 80% after conception. Of all respondents, 63% were aware of the need for preconceptional folic acid. Key information sources were family doctors and the mass media: the media were more important before conception, doctors after. Being older (30 years or more), having post-secondary education, and having a planned pregnancy were associated with knowing about the benefits of folic acid; knowledge, regular exercise, perceived good health, and planned pregnancy were associated with preconceptional use of vitamins. CONCLUSIONS: Even in this sample of well educated, English-speaking women, only one third took vitamin supplements before conception, which indicates that current educational efforts do not reach most women early enough. A coordinated, multi-pronged strategy that targets and involves physicians and capitalizes on opportunities to work with schools, public health outlets, and the media is needed.
AN: 99353116

Record 25 of 55 in MEDLINE(R)+ (1998-2000)

TI: Folic acid supplementation of pregnant mice suppresses heat-induced neural tube defects in the offspring.
AU: Shin,-J-H; Shiota,-K
SO: J-Nutr. 1999 Nov; 129(11): 2070-3
JN: Journal-of-nutrition,-The
IS: 0022-3166
LA: English
AB: Neural tube defects (NTD) are a group of malformations that result from the failure of the neural tube to close early in embryonic development and among the most common congenital malformations in humans. It has been reported that a substantial proportion of NTD in humans can be prevented by folic acid (FA) supplementation prior to conception and during the first months of pregnancy, and myo-inositol (MI) was shown to reduce the incidence of NTD in curly tail mice which are not prevented by FA. Brief maternal hyperthermia (HT) early in pregnancy has been implicated in NTD both in humans and laboratory animals, and anterior NTD including exencephaly and anencephaly are induced frequently when pregnant mice are exposed to HT. We examined the effect of FA or MI supplementation of pregnant mice on the occurrence of heat-induced NTD in the offspring. When pregnant mice were treated with FA (3 mg/kg) daily from gestational day (GD) 0.5 through GD 9.5 and heated at GD 8.5, the prevalence of NTD in the fetuses (26.6%) was significantly lower than the corresponding figure in the HT alone group (38.6%; P < 0.05). However we failed to detect the preventive effect of MI (500 mg/kg). The results of this study suggest that prenatal FA supplementation decreases HT-induced NTD in mice and sufficient FA intake during early pregnancy may be recommended to avoid the birth of malformed children.
AN: 20007865

Record 26 of 55 in MEDLINE(R)+ (1998-2000)

TI: Endogenous folic acid is essential for normal development of preimplantation embryos.
AU: O'Neill,-C
SO: Hum-Reprod. 1998 May; 13(5): 1312-6
JN: Human-reproduction
IS: 0268-1161
LA: English
AB: Preimplantation mammalian embryos develop with a high degree of autonomy. To date, there have been no unequivocal demonstrations of a requirement for vitamins in preimplantation embryo development. Reduced folic acid acts as an important methyl donor in many reactions including the synthesis of thymidine. Thymidine does not accumulate in cells so it might be expected that significant amounts of reduced folate would be required to support the exponential increase in DNA synthesis that occurs during early embryo development. The reduction of folate is catalysed by dihydrofolate reductase (EC 1.5.1.3) which is selectively inhibited by the anti-cancer drug methotrexate. Methotrexate caused a dose-dependent inhibition of cell division in 1-cell, 2-cell and 8-cell mouse embryos with 50% inhibition of division occurring at concentrations of 1-10 microM. At a concentration of 0.1 microM only minimal inhibition of the initial cell division occurred, but continuous culture in this concentration of methotrexate completely inhibited further cell divisions. This suggests that most of the exogenous store of reduced folates was used in the first round of cell division. The effects of methotrexate were apparently primarily due to thymidine starvation, since a 10-fold excess of thymidine over methotrexate in culture media reversed the inhibition of development. Supplementing media with folic acid had no beneficial effect on the rate at which zygotes produced by in-vitro fertilization developed to the blastocyst stage. It is concluded that the development of the early embryo has an absolute requirement for reduced folate for thymidine synthesis which is met entirely by endogenous sources.
AN: 98309780

Record 27 of 55 in MEDLINE(R)+ (1995-1997)

TI: Reduction of urinary tract and cardiovascular defects by periconceptional multivitamin supplementation.
AU: Czeizel,-A-E
SO: Am-J-Med-Genet. 1996 Mar 15; 62(2): 179-83
JN: American-journal-of-medical-genetics
IS: 0148-7299
LA: English
AB: The objective in the Hungarian randomised double-blind controlled trial was to study the preventive effect of periconceptional multivitamin supplementation on neural tube-defects and other congenital abnormalities. There were 2,471 and 2,391 informative offspring (prenatally diagnosed and terminated malformed fetuses, stillborn fetuses, and liveborn infants) in the multivitamin and placebo-like trace element groups, respectively. A single tablet either of a multivitamin containing 0.8 mg of folic acid or trace element supplement was given daily for at least one month before conception and at least until the date of the second missed menstrual period. The total rate of major congenital abnormalities was 20.6/1,000 in the multivitamin and 40.6/1,000 in the trace element group. After the exclusion of six cases of neural-tube defects in the trace element group the difference was very highly significant [P = 0.0003; relative risk of 0.54 (95% CI 0.39, 0.76)]. Multivitamin supplementation appeared to result in a significant reduction in the rate of urinary tract abnormalities, mainly obstructive defects, and in the rate of sporadic cardiovascular malformations, mainly ventricular septal defects. This report is regarded as a hypothesis-generating study encouraging others to see if the result can be repeated.
AN: 97036753

Record 28 of 55 in MEDLINE(R)+ (1995-1997)

TI: Reduced recurrence of orofacial clefts after periconceptional supplementation with high-dose folic acid and multivitamins.
AU: Tolarova,-M; Harris,-J
SO: Teratology. 1995 Feb; 51(2): 71-8
JN: Teratology-
IS: 0040-3709
LA: English
AB: To assess effects of periconceptional multivitamin and folic-acid supplementation on recurrence of cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL +/- P), we prospectively evaluated 221 pregnancies in women at risk of a child with CL +/- P. The 10-step protocol included multivitamin supplementation with SPOFAVIT (A, B1, B2, B6, C, D3, E, nicotinamide, calcium pantothenicum) and folic acid (10 mg/day), beginning > or = 2 months before planned conception and continuing for > or = 3 months thereafter. A comparison group comprised 1,901 women at risk of a child with CL +/- P who received no supplementation and gave birth within the same period as the study group. In the supplemented group, 3 of 214 informative pregnancies ended with infants with CL +/- P, a 65.4% decrease (observed versus expected value -5.67; P = 0.031, Fisher's exact test); the expected value of 8.7 was calculated based on the incidence of cleft among first-degree relatives among the comparison group. Subset analysis by proband's sex, severity of CL +/- P, and both variables showed highest supplementation efficacy in probands with unilateral cleft (82.6% decrease, P = 0.024, Fisher's exact test). No efficacy was observed for female probands with bilateral CL +/- P. Generally, efficacy was greater for subgroups with unilateral than with bilateral cleft and for male than female probands.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
AN: 95389374

Record 29 of 55 in MEDLINE(R)+ (1995-1997)

TI: Folate metabolism and neural tube defects: a review.
AU: Steegers-Theunissen,-R-P
SO: Eur-J-Obstet-Gynecol-Reprod-Biol. 1995 Jul; 61(1): 39-48
JN: European-journal-of-obstetrics,-gynecology,-and-reproductive-biology
IS: 0301-2115
LA: English
AB: The importance of folate in normal fetal development and wellbeing has been recognized only during the past three decades and knowledge concerned is still far from complete. In man, folate acts as a substrate in the transfer of one-carbon moieties and thereby, plays an essential role in the synthesis of several amino acids such as methionine and nucleic acids. Consequently, folate requirements are related to the amount of tissue growth. Epidemiological, clinical and teratological research showed that this B-vitamin is particularly involved in the prevention and pathogenesis of neural tube defects. Therefore, in this review the metabolism of folate has been outlined. Furthermore, the characteristics of the various genically determined folate 'deficiencies' as well as a possible biochemical explanation of the relationship between folate and neural tube defects are being discussed. Finally, the new recommendations launched in November 1993 by the Dutch Health Council as well as the Food and Nutrition Council with regard to folate supplementation in the prevention of neural tube defects are presented.
AN: 96166260

Record 30 of 55 in MEDLINE(R)+ (1995-1997)

TI: Megaloblastic anemia in pregnancy.
AU: Campbell,-B-A
SO: Clin-Obstet-Gynecol. 1995 Sep; 38(3): 455-62
JN: Clinical-obstetrics-and-gynecology
IS: 0009-9201
LA: English
AB: Megaloblastic anemia is one of the acquired nutritional anemias that may complicate pregnancy. It is most often secondary to folic acid deficiency because folate requirements are increased during gestation. When the diagnosis of megaloblastic anemia is confirmed, appropriate therapy will initiate a rapid reversal of the anemia process. Because of the association between neural tube defects and folate deficiency, it is recommended that women of reproductive age take folic acid supplementation.
AN: 96203343

Record 31 of 55 in MEDLINE(R)+ (1993-1994)

TI: An assessment of dietary folic acid levels during gestation and lactation on reproductive and lactational performance of sows: a cooperative study. S-145 Committee on Nutritional Systems for Swine to Increase Reproductive Efficiency.
AU: Harper,-A-F; Lindemann,-M-D; Chiba,-L-I; Combs,-G-E; Handlin,-D-L; Kornegay,-E-T; Southern,-L-L
SO: J-Anim-Sci. 1994 Sep; 72(9): 2338-44
JN: Journal-of-animal-science
IS: 0021-8812
LA: English
AB: Crossbred female swine (n = 393) were used in a multiparity study at five experiment stations to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation of folic acid (FA) on serum folates status and reproductive performance. The dietary treatments were a corn-soybean meal basal diet (calculated FA, .34 ppm) supplemented with 0, 1, 2, or 4 ppm FA. Experimental diets were fed continuously from a minimum of 21 d before first mating throughout the entire study. At one station, blood samples for radioimmunoassay determination of serum folates concentration were collected by vena cava puncture at mating, d 55 of gestation, d 110 of gestation, and at weaning. Stage of reproduction and dietary FA supplementation affected (P < .005) serum folates concentrations. Serum folates declined from mating to d 55, remained low at d 110, and returned to higher levels at weaning. Linear increases (P < .001) in serum folates with increasing level of dietary FA were observed at each reproductive stage. Over the course of the study, reproductive performance criteria including total pigs born, live pigs at birth and d 21, and individual pig and litter weight at birth and d 21 were not affected (P > .10) by inclusion of FA in the diet. The number of days postweaning to estrus also was not affected by FA treatment. Under the conditions of this experiment, increasing level of FA in the diet had a pronounced effect in attenuating decreased serum folates concentration during gestation but was without benefit to reproductive performance.
AN: 95095785

Record 32 of 55 in MEDLINE(R)+ (1993-1994)

TI: Prevention of congenital abnormalities by periconceptional multivitamin supplementation.
AU: Czeizel,-A-E
SO: BMJ. 1993 Jun 19; 306(6893): 1645-8
JN: BMJ-
IS: 0959-8138
LA: English
AB: OBJECTIVE--To study the effect of periconceptional multivitamin supplementation on neural tube defects and other congenital abnormality entities. DESIGN--Randomised controlled trial of supplementation with multivitamins and trace elements. SETTING--Hungarian family planning programme. SUBJECTS--4156 pregnancies with known outcome and 3713 infants evaluated in the eighth month of life. INTERVENTIONS--A single tablet of a multivitamin including 0.8 mg of folic acid or trace elements supplement daily for at least one month before conception and at least two months after conception. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Number of major and mild congenital abnormalities. RESULTS--The rate of all major congenital abnormalities was significantly lower in the group given vitamins than in the group given trace elements and this difference cannot be explained totally by the significant reduction of neural tube defects. The rate of major congenital abnormalities other than neural tube defects and genetic syndromes was 9.0/1000 in pregnancies with known outcome in the vitamin group and 16.6/1000 in the trace element group; relative risk 1.85 (95% confidence interval 1.02 to 3.38); difference, 7.6/1000. The rate of all major congenital abnormalities other than neural tube defects and genetic syndromes diagnosed up to the eighth month of life was 14.7/1000 informative pregnancies in the vitamin group and 28.3/1000 in the trace element group; relative risk 1.95 (1.23 to 3.09); difference, 13.6/1000. The rate of some congenital abnormalities was lower in the vitamin group than in the trace element group but the differences for each group of abnormalities were not significant. CONCLUSIONS--Periconceptional multivitamin supplementation can reduce not only the rate of neural tube defects but also the rate of other major non-genetic syndromatic congenital abnormalities. Further studies are needed to differentiate the chance effect and vitamin dependent effect.
AN: 93313461

Record 33 of 55 in MEDLINE(R)+ (1993-1994)

TI: Effect of long-term addition of folic acid on folate status, growth performance, puberty attainment, and reproductive capacity of gilts.
AU: Matte,-J-J; Girard,-C-L; Tremblay,-G-F
SO: J-Anim-Sci. 1993 Jan; 71(1): 151-7
JN: Journal-of-animal-science
IS: 0021-8812
LA: English
AB: Three groups of 34 gilts received, from 9 wk of age until slaughter at 7 wk of gestation, diets supplemented with either 0, 5, or 15 mg/kg of folic acid. The concentration of serum folates increased linearly (P < or = .05) with the level of added folic acid. Although the growth performance was not influenced by the treatments during the overall growing period, feed intake (P < or = .10) and body weight gain (P < or = .05) from 17 to 21 wk of age increased linearly as folic acid level in the diet increased. Age and body weight at puberty as well as body weight gain during gestation were not influenced (P > or = .32) by treatments. Dietary folic acid addition did not affect (P > or = .21) either total weight and empty weight of uterine horns or ovarian total weight, stroma weight, and number and weights of corpora lutea. No treatment effect (P > or = .35) was observed on placental surface, number of placental areolae, litter size, fetus weight, or total litter weight or on fetal DNA, RNA, and protein. However, the concentration of folates in fetuses increased linearly (P < or = .03) with the addition of folic acid in the dam's diet. In conclusion, although a dietary addition of as high as 15 mg/kg of folic acid seemed to influence growth performance of gilts by the end of the growing period, it did not affect age at puberty.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
AN: 93203054

Record 34 of 55 in MEDLINE(R)+ (1993-1994)

TI: Supplemental folic acid: a requirement for optimizing swine reproduction.
AU: Lindemann,-M-D
SO: J-Anim-Sci. 1993 Jan; 71(1): 239-46
JN: Journal-of-animal-science
IS: 0021-8812
LA: English
AB: The administration of supplemental folic acid to female reproducing swine (either via injection or dietary supplementation) is a fairly recent research phenomenon. The majority of publications have occurred during the past 5 yr; few publications on this topic appeared before 1983. Although folic acid supplementation is a young research area compared to that involving many other vitamins, the reported results are quite consistent. There seem to be no major benefits to lactational supplementation; although supplementation in lactation is effective in elevating sow serum folate, milk folate, and nursing pig serum folate, it has not produced changes in sow BW, litter size weaned, or pig gain. Supplementation during gestation has yielded a consistent benefit: a positive response in total pigs born in all studies. The response in gestation of increased litter size seems to be a result of improved embryo or fetal survival rather than increased ovulation, although the mechanism whereby survival rate is improved is yet to be understood. Clearly, supplemental folic acid is required to maximize sow prolificacy.
AN: 93203067

Record 35 of 55 in MEDLINE(R)+ (1990-1992)

TI: Folate deficiency and cervical dysplasia.
AU: Butterworth,-C-E; Hatch,-K-D; Macaluso,-M; Cole,-P; Sauberlich,-H-E; Soong,-S-J; Borst,-M; Baker,-V-V
SO: JAMA. 1992 Jan 22-29; 267(4): 528-33
JN: JAMA-
IS: 0098-7484
LA: English
AB: OBJECTIVE--To test the hypothesis that nutritional deficiency affects the incidence of cervical dysplasia in young women. DESIGN AND SETTING--Case-control study. Participants were derived from community family-planning clinics and referrals to a colposcopy center. PARTICIPANTS--A total of 726 subjects were screened, yielding 294 cases of dysplasia and 170 controls defined by coexistent cytologic and colposcopic evidence. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Planned prior to data collection. Odds ratios were computed using logistic regression models to evaluate association between cervical dysplasia and sociodemographic, sexual, and reproductive factors; smoking; oral contraceptive use; human papillomavirus (HPV) infection; and 12 nutritional indices determined by blind analysis of nonfasting blood specimens. RESULTS--The number of sexual partners, parity, oral contraceptive use, and HPV-16 infection were significantly associated with cervical dysplasia. Plasma nutrient levels were generally not associated with risk. However, red blood cell folate levels at or below 660 nmol/L interacted with HPV-16 infection. The adjusted odds ratio for HPV-16 was 1.1 among women with folate levels above 660 nmol/L but 5.1 (95% confidence interval, 2.3 to 11) among women with lower levels. Interactions of red blood cell folate levels with cigarette smoking and parity were also present but were not statistically significant. CONCLUSION--Low red blood cell folate levels enhance the effect of other risk factors for cervical dysplasia and, in particular, that of HPV-16 infection.
CN: 5P01CA28103CANCI; N01HD52927HDNICHD
AN: 92106467

Record 36 of 55 in MEDLINE(R)+ (1990-1992)

TI: Disturbed reproductive performance in extreme folic acid deficient golden hamsters.
AU: Mooij,-P-N; Wouters,-M-G; Thomas,-C-M; Doesburg,-W-H; Eskes,-T-K
SO: Eur-J-Obstet-Gynecol-Reprod-Biol. 1992 Jan 9; 43(1): 71-5
JN: European-journal-of-obstetrics,-gynecology,-and-reproductive-biology
IS: 0301-2115
LA: English
AB: We studied the effects of folic acid-deficient diets on maternal red blood cell folate level and reproductive performance in golden hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus, Waterhouse). Animals on the same day of oestrous cycle were put together and finally divided into three groups. Each group comprised at least 12 mature female hamsters. The animals were given three different diets, which were commenced before mating. The feeding regimens comprised a standard diet (group 1), or a folic acid-deficient diet which started either 2 weeks (group 2) or 16 weeks (group 3) prior to mating. The regimens were continued until sacrifice of the animals on day 9 of pregnancy. Pregnancy was realized by caging a male with a selected female during the night of ovulation. Just prior to sacrifice, blood samples were drawn to measure maternal folic acid levels in red blood cells. The pregnant uteri were removed and the embryonic sacs were carefully dissected away from the uterus. The number of sacs per pregnant animal was noted. Extreme folic acid deficiencies were confirmed in the pregnant golden hamsters on a folic acid-deficient diet which started 16 weeks prior to mating as compared to those on a standard diet and on a folic acid-deficient diet which started 2 weeks prior to mating. This deficiency appears to interfere with normal reproductive performance. It caused early embryonic loss several days after mating and resulted, finally, in restoration of the oestrous cycle.
AN: 92146666

Record 37 of 55 in MEDLINE(R)+ (1990-1992)

TI: Diurnal variation of folate concentrations in mouse embryo and plasma: the protective effect of folinic acid on valproic-acid-induced teratogenicity is time dependent.
AU: Wegner,-C; Nau,-H
SO: Reprod-Toxicol. 1991; 5(6): 465-71
JN: Reproductive-toxicology
IS: 0890-6238
LA: English
AB: The diurnal variation of folate concentrations in mouse plasma and embryo between day 8.5 and day 9.5 of gestation (light cycle = 0900-2100) were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. Folate concentrations in the embryo were high during the evening hours, decreased during the night, reached their lowest levels at 0500, and then increased again during the day. High levels of folates may be related to increased food intake by the pregnant mice. Small changes of the two major maternal plasma folate metabolites were observed. The relative amount of each folate metabolite in the embryo, as compared to the total folate concentration, remained in a narrow range. The main metabolites were tetrahydrofolic acid (THF) (32.4% +/- 2.1% of total folates), 5-CHO-THF (24.2% +/- 2.3%), and 10-CHO-THF (17.0% +/- 1.9%). A dramatic alteration of these ratios occurred only between 1100 and 1400. The relative content of THF increased (52.7% +/- 2.5%), whereas the relative concentration of 5-CHO-THF in the embryo decreased (6.5% +/- 1.9%). Before 1000 when the ratios of folate metabolites were stable, the rate of valproic acid-induced neural tube defects was reduced from 49% of living fetuses to 12% by coapplication of folinic acid via subcutaneously implanted minipumps. During the period in which dramatic changes in ratios between the folate metabolites in the embryo occurred, no protective effect of folinic acid on valproic acid-induced exencephaly could be observed. Our results indicate that the diurnal variation of folate metabolism in the embryo is important in regard to valproic acid teratogenesis and its protection by folate supplementation.
AN: 92240068

Record 38 of 55 in MEDLINE(R)+ (1990-1992)

TI: Preconceptional nutrition.
AU: Dimperio,-D
SO: J-Pediatr-Perinat-Nutr. 1990; 2(2): 65-78
JN: Journal-of-pediatric-and-perinatal-nutrition
IS: 8756-6206
LA: English
AB: Preconceptional nutrition assessment and intervention is essential for optimal pregnancy outcome. Attainment of an appropriate prepregnancy weight is crucial to the success of a subsequent pregnancy. Metabolic stabilization of disease states or surgery induced imbalances are vital in any woman in which these problems occur. The effect of medications on nutrient status and use of nutrient supplements should be evaluated. Prior to conception women should be counseled to increase the nutrient density of their diet with special emphasis on iron, calcium, magnesium, zinc, folate, and vitamin B-6.
AN: 91116527

Record 39 of 55 in MEDLINE(R)+ (1990-1992)

TI: Elevated folate levels in amniotic fluid after oral supplementation.
AU: Steegers-Theunissen,-R-P; Steegers,-E-A; de-Boer,-R; Thomas,-C-M; Kloosterman,-M-D; Eskes,-T-K
SO: Eur-J-Obstet-Gynecol-Reprod-Biol. 1990 Sep; 36(3): 283-91
JN: European-journal-of-obstetrics,-gynecology,-and-reproductive-biology
IS: 0301-2115
LA: English
AB: During oral supplementation of 5 mg folic acid and 1 microgram vitamin B12, the daily folate levels in plasma, red cells and midtrimester amniotic fluid were significantly higher in ten pregnant women during the 15th-18th week of menstrual age as compared to ten non-supplemented women serving as controls. In the control group as well as in the supplemented group, the folate concentrations in amniotic fluid were found to be lower than in the corresponding maternal plasma and red cells. Of all women investigated there was a significant positive correlation between maternal plasma folate concentrations and amniotic fluid levels (r = 0.72, p less than 0.001) and no correlation between red cell folate concentrations and amniotic fluid levels (r = 0.30, p = 0.22). Oral supplementation of vitamin B12 did not elevate maternal blood concentrations and amniotic fluid levels. Vitamin B12 levels in amniotic fluid in this group and controls were always higher than in plasma. These data suggest that the orally administrated dosages of folic acid unlike those of vitamin B12 augment both plasma, red cells and amniotic fluid levels.
AN: 90336929

Record 40 of 55 in MEDLINE(R)+ (1990-1992)

TI: The influence of dietary folate supplementation on the incidence of teratogenesis in zinc-deficient rats.
AU: Quinn,-P-B; Cremin,-F-M; O'Sullivan,-V-R; Hewedi,-F-M; Bond,-R-J
SO: Br-J-Nutr. 1990 Jul; 64(1): 233-43
JN: British-journal-of-nutrition,-The
IS: 0007-1145
LA: English
AB: Two studies were conducted to investigate the possibility that pteroylmonoglutamic acid supplementation would alleviate teratogenesis in zinc-deficient rats. Pregnant rats of the Wistar strain were fed on Zn-deficient (less than 0.5 mg Zn/kg) or Zn-supplemented (75 or 95 mg Zn/kg) diets from mating until day 18.5 of gestation. The basal level of pteroylmonoglutamic acid added to all diets (0.56 mg/kg) was supplemented with 30-200 mg/kg in selected diets. Dietary Zn deprivation resulted in fetal resorption, fetal growth retardation and reduced concentrations of Zn in fetuses and maternal plasma and tibia. Low maternal body-weight at conception emerged as an important determinant of risk of resorption in Zn-deficient rats. Dietary Zn deficiency resulted in reduced maternal plasma folate concentrations and these values were inversely correlated with litter size or weight in Zn-deficient rats. Pteroylmonoglutamic acid supplementation increased maternal plasma folate concentrations, but did not reduce the high incidence of teratogenesis which occurred in Zn-deficient rats. Supplementation of Zn-deficient rats with pteroylmonoglutamic acid significantly increased the incidence of clubbed foot and tended to increase the incidence of brain or meningeal abnormalities, or both, and cleft palate, but did not reduce maternal or fetal Zn status. Pteroylmonoglutamic acid supplementation also increased the weights of Zn-supplemented control fetuses.
AN: 90381253

Record 41 of 55 in MEDLINE(R)+ (1987-1989)

TI: Nutritional folate deficiency in Chinese hamster ovary cells. I. Characterization of the pleiotropic response and its modulation by nucleic acid precursors.
AU: Borman,-L-S; Branda,-R-F
SO: J-Cell-Physiol. 1989 Aug; 140(2): 335-43
JN: Journal-of-cellular-physiology
IS: 0021-9541
LA: English
AB: Nutritional folate deficiency in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO)-K1 cells inhibited population growth rate and caused growth arrest within 3 days of culture in Fol- medium [without folate, hypoxanthine (Hx), and thymidine (TdR)]. Coincident with impaired population growth was a transient delay in cell cycle progression through S phase and an increase in cell size. The growth-arrested population of predominantly G1 phase cells exhibited an increased adhesion to the culture substratum. There was a time-dependent loss of cell reproductive capacity. All these various perturbations of cellular phenotype induced by folate deficiency were prevented by the addition of folate or a combination of TdR and Hx to the Fol- medium. However, the singular presence of each nucleotide precursor differentially affected the pleiotropic response. The addition of Hx to Fol- medium exacerbated the aforementioned abnormalities, producing a threefold increase in mean cell volume, a 72 hr accumulation of cells in the S phase of the cell cycle, and a rapid demise in cell clonogenicity. Unexpectedly, we found reduced cell adhesion in these cultures. In contrast, folate-deficient cells supplemented with TdR exhibited a general amelioration of cell perturbations with respect to cell size, cell cycle distribution, and reproductive viability. Notably, such populations were not released from growth inhibition or subsequent growth arrest, and the cells became elongated and highly adherent with time. When cell populations from each of the three conditions of folate-deficient culture were released from growth arrest by addition of complete medium, the respective profiles of synchronous cell cycle progression were distinctive.
CN: CA41843CANCI
AN: 89308908

Record 42 of 55 in MEDLINE(R)+ (1987-1989)

TI: Effect of dietary folic acid supplementation on sow performance through two parities.
AU: Thaler,-R-C; Nelssen,-J-L; Goodband,-R-D; Allee,-G-L
SO: J-Anim-Sci. 1989 Dec; 67(12): 3360-9
JN: Journal-of-animal-science
IS: 0021-8812
LA: English
AB: One hundred fifty-three gilts were maintained in three breeding groups and fed gestation-lactation diets supplemented with either 0 (control), 1.65 or 6.62 mg of supplemental folic acid/kg of diet for two consecutive parities. Serum folate concentrations of sows were linearly (P less than .05) increased by dietary additions of folic acid during both gestation and lactation, but serum glucose and urea concentrations were unaffected by treatment. Serum folate concentrations decreased from breeding to d 60 and 90 of gestation and then increased through lactation for all treatments. Number of pigs born and live pigs at birth, d 14 and d 21 were quadratically (P less than .05) increased by folic acid additions. Average pig weights were similar among treatments (P greater than .10) on both d 0 and 14 of lactation but were less (P less than .01) than the other treatment groups on d 21 for pigs from sows fed the 1.65 mg/kg treatment. Litter weights were quadratically (P less than .01) increased on d 0 and d 14 by folic acid supplementation. Sow weight gain and backfat thickness loss were unaffected by treatment during gestation (P greater than .06); sow weight loss and backfat thickness loss increased quadratically with increasing level of folic acid during lactation (P less than .06 and .05, respectively). More control sows exhibited estrus by d 7 postweaning than sows receiving folic acid supplementation in parity I (P less than .05); however, no differences (P greater than .10) were detected among treatments by d 14, nor were any differences observed by d 7 in parity II. Conception rate was unaffected by folic acid additions. Dietary folic acid supplementation improved sow reproductive performance by increasing the number of pigs born alive.
AN: 90130077

Record 43 of 55 in MEDLINE(R)+ (1987-1989)

TI: Folic acid supplementation to diets of gestating-lactating swine over multiple parities.
AU: Lindemann,-M-D; Kornegay,-E-T
SO: J-Anim-Sci. 1989 Feb; 67(2): 459-64
JN: Journal-of-animal-science
IS: 0021-8812
LA: English
AB: Crossbred gilts (n = 59) were utilized in a three-parity study to evaluate the effects of dietary additions of folic acid for reproducing swine and to ascertain if responses were dependent on the presence of a sulfonamide in the diet. The four dietary treatments were 1) control, a 14% crude protein corn-soybean meal diet with 110 ppm tylosin, 2) diet 1 plus 110 ppm sulfamethazine, 3) diet 1 plus 1 ppm folic acid and 4) diet 2 plus 1 ppm folic acid. Gilts were allotted to dietary treatment based on age, weight and ancestry within 15 d postbreeding and remained on the assigned dietary treatment continuously. Folic acid supplementation of the diet improved (P less than .05) total (11.17 vs 10.23) and live pigs born (10.79 vs 9.86) per litter; however, when litters were weaned at 28 d, the folic acid advantage was not significant (P greater than .20, 9.34 vs 9.03). No dietary effects (P greater than .10) were observed for pig birth weight or weaning weight. Number of breedings required per female farrowed tended (P less than .12) to be less for females fed folic acid-supplemented diets (1.07 vs 1.16). These results demonstrate improved sow performance through an increase in pigs born and possibly an improved conception rate when folic acid is supplemented to cornsoybean meal diets.
AN: 89197674

Record 44 of 55 in MEDLINE(R)+ (1987-1989)

TI: The effects of dietary folate and zinc on the outcome of pregnancy and early growth in rats.
AU: Fuller,-N-J; Evans,-P-H; Howlett,-M; Bates,-C-J
SO: Br-J-Nutr. 1988 Mar; 59(2): 251-9
JN: British-journal-of-nutrition,-The
IS: 0007-1145
LA: English
AB: 1. The objective of the present study was to determine the effects of two levels of folic acid and two levels of zinc in the diets of rats during pregnancy and lactation. It addressed, among other things, the question of whether an inhibitory effect of folic (pteroylmonoglutamic) acid on Zn absorption might result in a secondary Zn deficiency in either the dams or the pups. 2. A purified diet was given to four groups of female DNL (Norwegian) Hooded rats, before and during pregnancy and during lactation. It contained the four possible combinations of: no added folic acid or 100 micrograms added pteroylmonoglutamic acid/g, and 6.6 or 20.2 micrograms Zn/g. Pups and dams were killed on day 20 of gestation or on day 20 postpartum. Measurements of body-weights, food intakes, blood folate and tissue Zn levels were performed. 3. The group with low Zn and low folate intake had a satisfactory reproductive outcome, and there were only minor effects of the supplements on body-weights. 4. Additional folate greatly increased blood (erythrocyte and plasma) folate levels, but did not compromise tissue Zn concentrations. Zn supplementation also enhanced blood folate levels, for reasons which are not yet clear. 5. There was a moderate enhancing effect of the Zn supplement on Zn levels in the livers and kidneys of pregnant dams, and the kidneys of lactating dams. 6. If the conclusions can be extrapolated to humans, then the results provide some reassurance that a high folate intake from prenatal supplementation need not necessarily cause Zn depletion, and hence functional Zn deficiency in pregnant women and their offspring.
AN: 88193070

Record 45 of 55 in MEDLINE(R)+ (1987-1989)

TI: Key issues in nutrition. From conception through infancy.
AU: Fahey,-P-J; Boltri,-J-M; Monk,-J-S
SO: Postgrad-Med. 1987 Jan; 81(1): 301-5, 308
JN: Postgraduate-medicine
IS: 0032-5481
LA: English
AB: Pregnant and lactating women and infants are at nutritional risk because of their special needs; both require adequate dietary nutrition and, often, dietary supplementation. For example, the mother's increased requirements for iron, calcium, folic acid, and vitamin D usually must be met with increased milk intake and multivitamin-with-mineral supplements. Since the pregnant and the lactating woman can pass both nutrients and nonnutrients to the child, she should be advised on a well-balanced, high-quality diet that is free of drugs or other additives that may be harmful. Although either breastfeeding or the use of formula may fulfill energy and protein needs, the infant may require supplemental vitamins K and C, fluoride, and iron.
AN: 87117852

Record 46 of 55 in MEDLINE(R)+ (1987-1989)

TI: Evaluation of prenatal vitamin-mineral supplements.
AU: Newman,-V; Lyon,-R-B; Anderson,-P-O
SO: Clin-Pharm. 1987 Oct; 6(10): 770-7
JN: Clinical-pharmacy
IS: 0278-2677
LA: English
AB: Nutritional requirements of pregnancy are reviewed, and guidelines for evaluating prenatal vitamin-mineral supplements are provided. Daily antepartum supplementation of 0.4-0.8 mg of folic acid and 30-60 mg of elemental iron is currently recommended, although the lower ends of these ranges may be most appropriate. Dietary intake of these nutrients is likely to be inadequate without supplementation, and their importance is well established. Requirements for other minerals and vitamins are not well established, and there is no consensus on the need for supplementation. However, available data suggest that prenatal supplements should probably contain other nutrients; pyridoxine hydrochloride, cholecalciferol, vitamin E, pantothenic acid, calcium, magnesium, zinc, copper, and possibly selenium should be considered. Interactions among the minerals and vitamins commonly found in prenatal supplements may affect the absorption of various nutrient components. Thus, very high or low levels of certain nutrients should be avoided. The chemical form of minerals should also be considered. Products should have demonstrated bioavailability for iron, zinc, and other components that are subject to bioavailability problems. Use of low-potency product that contains a wide range of vitamins and minerals appears to be the most prudent approach to prenatal vitamin and mineral supplementation.
AN: 89119930

Record 47 of 55 in MEDLINE(R)+ (1981-1986)

TI: Serum folates in gestating swine after folic acid addition to diet.
AU: Tremblay,-G-F; Matte,-J-J; Lemieux,-L; Brisson,-G-J
SO: J-Anim-Sci. 1986 Oct; 63(4): 1173-8
JN: Journal-of-animal-science
IS: 0021-8812
LA: English
AB: Folic acid was added to the diet as a simple means to increase serum folates in gestating sows. At weaning, 95 multiparous sows were randomly assigned to five treatments. Of these sows, 67 farrowed and were used for this trial. Three supplementation levels of folic acid added to a commercial diet at 3, 9 and 27 mg per kg were studied. A commercial diet without any supplementation of folic acid was used as a control treatment. A fifth treatment consisted of eight im injections of 15 mg of folic acid each, according to a predetermined schedule that was previously effective in improving the reproductive performance of sows when combined with flushing. Each sow was kept in an individual cage and received 2 kg of feed daily. Serum folates were measured at weaning, mating and on d 14, 28, 42 and 56 after mating. The time-response curve of serum folates in sows injected with folic acid was higher than that of sows fed the unsupplemented diet (P = .057). Adding folic acid to diet may be as efficient as folic acid injections to elevate serum folates when compared with sows fed the control diet. The mean supplementary level of folic acid sufficient to maintain the serum folate concentration at approximately the same levels as those observed in sows injected with folic acid was estimated to be near 4.3 mg per kg of feed.
AN: 87033324

Record 48 of 55 in MEDLINE(R)+ (1981-1986)

TI: The effects of maternal folic acid and vitamin C nutrition in early pregnancy on reproductive performance in the guinea-pig.
AU: Habibzadeh,-N; Schorah,-C-J; Smithells,-R-W
SO: Br-J-Nutr. 1986 Jan; 55(1): 23-35
JN: British-journal-of-nutrition,-The
IS: 0007-1145
LA: English
AB: 1. The effect of different intakes of folic acid (FA) and vitamin C on pregnancy in the Dunkin-Hartley guinea-pig was examined. Female guinea-pigs were subjected to three graded intakes of FA and vitamin C ('deficient', 'intermediate' similar to recommended daily intakes (RDI), and 'supplemented') during early gestation and up to the time of neural tube closure (17th day of gestation), and then returned to the RDI of these vitamins. 2. Plasma and blood cell concentrations of these vitamins were measured once before and at the end of the dietary treatments. Reproductive performance was assessed in terms of the number of resorbed and aborted embryos and weight and size of the live fetuses on the 36th day of gestation. 3. The short-term deficiency of either of these two vitamins, insufficient to affect maternal health, had a dramatic effect on the reproductive performance. 4. The RDI of FA was significantly less effective than the supplemented intake in preventing embryonic deaths. The RDI of vitamin C produced lighter and smaller live fetuses than the supplemented intake. 5. The implications of these findings with regard to vitamin status in early pregnancy in man are discussed.
AN: 88024916

Record 49 of 55 in MEDLINE(R)+ (1981-1986)

TI: Serum folates during the reproductive cycle of sows.
AU: Matte,-J-J; Girard,-C-L; Brisson,-G-J
SO: J-Anim-Sci. 1984 Jul; 59(1): 158-63
JN: Journal-of-animal-science
IS: 0021-8812
LA: English
AB: In a first trial, serum folates concentration was measured in 105 sows randomly distributed into seven groups of 15 animals each. Each group represented one time period of the reproductive cycle: weaning, mating, 15, 30, 60, 90 and 110 d of gestation. The average serum folates concentrations for the different groups of sows were, expressed as ng/ml +/- SE, 99.5 +/- 8.9, 68.5 +/- 9.6, 63.9 +/- 7.4, 59.5 +/- 5.7, 39.6 +/- 5.7, 45.3 +/- 5.8 and 49.1 +/- 6.3, respectively. Results showed a biphasic decrease in serum folates levels, first at mating and then at 60 d of gestation. These results indicate a possible deficiency in serum folates during mid-gestation. In a second trial, 20 sows were assigned randomly to four groups of five animals each, representing four time periods of the reproductive cycle: weaning, mating, 30 and 60 d of gestation. One intramuscular injection of 15 mg folic acid was administered to all sows and serum folates concentration was measured before the injection and at 2-d intervals during a period of 14 d after the injection. An increase in serum folates was noted in sows of all groups. The time response curves observed after the injection are presented and discussed. The decrease in folates levels observed during early and mid-gestation could be moderated by im administration of this vitamin.
AN: 84264149

Record 50 of 55 in MEDLINE(R)+ (1981-1986)

TI: Effect of folate deficiency on the reproductive organs of female rhesus monkeys: a cytomorphological and cytokinetic study.
AU: Mohanty,-D; Das,-K-C
SO: J-Nutr. 1982 Aug; 112(8): 1565-76
JN: Journal-of-nutrition,-The
IS: 0022-3166
LA: English
AB: The effect of folate deficiency was studied on the cytomorphology and the kinetics of proliferation of ovarian granulosa cells, and the epithelial cells lining the uterus, cervix and vagina of six sexually mature female rhesus monkeys. The cellular kinetics were study by in vivo labeling with [3H]thymidine, followed by autoradiography of the histological sections of tissue biopsies taken at various time intervals and labeled mitosis curves. The folate-deficient monkeys showed an increased number of atresic and cystic ovarian follicles with depletion of granulosa cells. There was also a significant impairment of the proliferation kinetics of granulosa cells as indicated by decreased [3H]thymidine labeling index (L.I.), and marked prolongation of the pre- DNA-synthetic time (G1 phase); the DNA-synthetic (S phase) and postsynthetic (G2 phase) periods were only mildly prolonged. These changes may have impaired the ovarian synthesis of the steroidal hormones, estrogen and progesterone. The cervico-vaginal epithelium showed megaloblastosis, multinucleation and impairment of orderly proliferation and maturation. Less pronounced changes were also seen in the uterus. The cytomorphological and functional disturbances in the uterus, cervix and vagina may be partly secondary to those in the ovaries, and partly due to the depletion of their essential folate coenzymes.
AN: 82241297

Record 51 of 55 in MEDLINE(R)+ (1975-1980)

TI: Folic acid and reproduction.
AU: Kitay,-D-Z
SO: Clin-Obstet-Gynecol. 1979 Dec; 22(4): 809-17
JN: Clinical-obstetrics-and-gynecology
IS: 0009-9201
LA: English
AN: 80133079

Record 52 of 55 in MEDLINE(R)+ (1975-1980)

TI: The effects of folic acid supplementation during pregnancy in the rat.
AU: Morgan,-B-L; Winick,-M
SO: Br-J-Nutr. 1978 Nov; 40(3): 529-33
JN: British-journal-of-nutrition,-The
IS: 0007-1145
LA: English
AB: 1. Twenty-four Sprague-Dawley female rats were randomly assigned to three groups (groups A, B, C). Group A was given a folic acid-free diet and groups B and C received 0.0018 g folic acid/kg diet. Rats in group C were also given a supplement of 1 mg folic acid/d by intraperitoneal injection. 2. After 14 d of feeding the rats were mated. The diets were continued throughout gestation. On day 21, of gestation the dams were killed and their livers and products of conception assayed for RNA, DNA, protein and tetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase (5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase; EC 1.5.1.3) activity. 3. The foetuses, placentas and livers from supplemented rats (group C) were significantly larger than those from groups A and B and had a higher content of RNA, DNA and protein. Those tissues from group A dams were smaller than those from the other groups and had a correspondingly reduced nucleic acid and protein content. 4. The activity of tetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase, the first and rate-limiting enzyme in the metabolism of folate, was increased in the folate supplemented rats (group C) and reduced in the rats given a folic acid-free diet (group A). These changes in enzyme activity could explain the differences in nucleic acid biosynthesis and growth shown by the different groups.
AN: 79062196

Record 53 of 55 in MEDLINE(R)+ (1975-1980)

TI: The effect of aminopterin-induced folic acid deficiency on spermatogenesis.
AU: Mathur,-U; Datta,-S-L; Mathur,-B-B
SO: Fertil-Steril. 1977 Dec; 28(12): 1356-60
JN: Fertility-and-sterility
IS: 0015-0282
LA: English
AB: Folic acid deficiency was produced by injecting aminopterin into adult male albino rats, resulting in inhibition of spermatogenesis. Bone marrow smears were studied to serve as an index of folic acid deficiency; however, changes in spermatogenesis were noticed earlier than the bone marrow changes. Meiotic division was affected more than mitotic division. The nuclei of spermatogenic cells showed degenerative changes. Chromosomal abnormalities, chiefly sticky chromosomes, were noticed in squashed preparations of seminiferous tubules.
AN: 78064767

Record 54 of 55 in MEDLINE(R)+ (1975-1980)

TI: Effect of folic acid deficiency on pregnant rats and their offspring.
AU: Tagbo,-I-F; Hill,-D-C
SO: Can-J-Physiol-Pharmacol. 1977 Jun; 55(3): 427-33
JN: Canadian-journal-of-physiology-and-pharmacology
IS: 0008-4212
LA: English
AB: Two groups of 63-day-old female Wistar rats were fed a folic acid deficient diet, based on 20% of vitamin-free casein and containing 1% of succinylsulfathiazole, for 5 weeks (group A) and 9 weeks (group B) before being bred, and the same diet was continued through pregnancy and lactation. Three out of eleven (21.3%) and three out of seven (42.9%) rats in groups A and B, respectively, resorbed completely, while no control rat resorbed. No pups from group B survived to weaning. Both groups (A and B) showed depressed feed consumption (although the effect in group A rats was small) and weight gains and increased formiminoglutamic acid excretion in the urine during gestation, and low serum folic acid by the end of lactation. A study of blood components in group A rats revealed leucopenia, granulocytopenia, and increased reticulocyte count. While no congenital deformities were observed in pups from deficient dams, group A and group B dams in contrast to controls produced smaller sized litters with lower birth weights and poor survival rate. Surviving pups from group A dams had decreased weaning weights with significantly lower brain weights and brain DNA per gram of tissue.
AN: 77223281

Record 55 of 55 in MEDLINE(R)+ (1966-1974)

TI: Folate metabolism and reproduction.
AU: Hibbard,-B-M; Hibbard,-E-D
SO: J-Physiol. 1971 Dec; 219(2): 16P
JN: Journal-of-physiology,-The
IS: 0022-3751
LA: English
AN: 72108757